Friday, November 9....rhetorical devices and commericials

Homework due Tuesday, 13 November: vocabulary 4
Homework due Wednesday, 14 November: Patrick Henry and accompanying responses. Please remember you must use specific text in each of your responses. This is equivalant of a paper.
Homework due Thursday, 15 November: vocabulary quiz on Franklin's Gout. handout in class / copy below. This will consist of the word and you will write the definition.  I suggest you start reviewing a little each day.



In class today: applying rhetorical devices to commercials.

commercial 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owGykVbfgUE

commercial 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um9KsrH377A

commercial 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtWRCIkFl00

Here is some holiday basket information that I was asked to share.

THANKSGIVING DINNERS

The following locations serve Thanksgiving and / or Christmas Dinner to those in need, at no cost. 

For most you must eat at the location. 

Cameron Community Ministries (254-2697)

Thanksgiving and Christmas dinner

48 Cameron Street

Thanksgiving Day, November 22, 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM

Christmas dinner, December 22, 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM

Anyone in need is welcome

Community Lutheran Ministries, Inc. (338-2420)

Thanksgiving dinner

942 Joseph Avenue

Thanksgiving dinner November 17

Community Place of Greater Rochester (288-0021)

Thanksgiving dinner

145 Parsells Avenue

Thursday November 15, 4:00 – 6:00 PM

Area served 14609, parts of 14605, 14607, 14610, 14621

Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church (546-5997)

Thanksgiving dinner

549 Clarissa Street

Wednesday, November 14, 5:00 – 6:00 PM

Anyone in need is welcome

Open Door Mission (454-6696)

Thanksgiving dinner

Open Door Mission, 210 West Main Street

Thanksgiving Day November 22, 4:00 – 7:00 PM

Religious service 6:00 – 6:30 PM

Anyone in need is welcome

St. Martin’s Place (325-6500)

Thanksgiving dinner

St. Martin’s Place, 55 Ontario Street

Thanksgiving Day, November 22 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM

Anyone in need is welcome

St. Peter’s Kitchen (235-6511)

Thanksgiving Dinner

Basement of Fairchild Place, behind church, 681 Brown Street

Thanksgiving Day, November 22, 12:00 – 1:00 PM

Christmas Day 12:00 – 1:00 PM

Anyone in need is welcome

Salvation Army (987-9500)

Thanksgiving Dinner

100 West Avenue

70 Liberty Pole way

Sunday November 18, service at 10:30 AM, w meal following

Anyone in need is welcome

THANKSGIVING FOOD BASKETS

The following agencies are accepting applications for Thanksgiving food baskets for needy families. An interview is required and clients must present the following documentation for proof of eligibility: proof of income; identification for each family member, including social security number; and photo identification for the head of household. Please note that services are limited to areas listed. Call the agency for additional information.  Some are date sensitive, so  please check the information below.

Dimitri House (325-1796)

Food baskets

102 North Union Street

Serves 14604, 14605, 14607, and 14609

Call the above number beginning October 1

9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Monday – Thursday

Baskets given on a first come, first served basis to qualified applicants.

Cost: none

Irondequoit Community Cupboard (336-9107)

Food baskets

4275 Culver Road

by appointment only please call

Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church (546-5997)

Food Baskets

549 Clarissa Street

Serves all of Monroe County

Cost: none, please bring I.D. for the whole household

Mission Share (368-0746)

Food Baskets

10 Cedarfield Commons

By appointment only; please call

Rochester Family Mission (436-7523)

Food Baskets

388 Tremont Street

Serves all of Monroe County

CHRISTMAS FOOD BASKETS AND TOYS

The following agencies are accepting applications for Christmas food baskets and/or toys for needy families.

All agencies require an interview and clients must present the following documentation for proof of eligibility: proof of income; identification for each family member, including social security number; and photo identification, proof of current address for the head of household.  Not all agencies cover every area of the city; be sure to check each listing for Zip Codes covered. For additional information, contact the appropriate agency at the number given. 

Some are date sensitive, so please check the dates below!

Baden Street Settlement (325-4910 ext. 131 or 132)

Christmas food baskets and toys

152 Baden Street

Serves E. Ridge Road (north), Inner Loop (south), St Paul Street (west), Portland Avenue/Carter Street (east); portions of 14605, 14604 and 14621

Apply at the above address between October 31 and December 2, 8:30 AM – 1:00 PM and 2:00 – 4:30 PM, Monday – Friday

Cost: none

Community Place of Greater Rochester (288-0021 and 327-7200)

Christmas food baskets

145 Parsells Avenue and 57 Central Park

Serves 14609, parts of 14605, 14607, 14610, and 14621

Cost: none

Community Place of Greater Rochester

Special Program for Children (288-0021)

Breakfast with Santa

145 Parsells Avenue

Saturday, December 15, 10:00 AM

Children ages 12 and under, and parents

Advanced registration is required. Call by December 3

Cost: $2.00 per person

Maplewood Edgerton (458-4682)

Christmas food baskets

121 Driving Park Avenue

Serves 14613, 14615 and portions of 14608

Call the above number beginning November 26, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, 9:00 – 11:30 AM

Cost: none

Rochester Family Mission (436-7523)

Christmas food baskets and toys

388 Tremont Street

Serves all of Monroe County

Gifts for children under 18. Proof of income and I.D. for everyone in household

Cost: none

Salvation Army (987-9500)

Christmas food baskets and toys

100 West Avenue

Serves all of Monroe County

Apply at the above address between November 14 and 18. Monday – Friday 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, 1:00 – 4:00 PM. Wednesday 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, 1:00 – 7:00 PM.

Cost: none

SWEM Community Services (235-4494)

Christmas food baskets

350 Chili Avenue (clients must call)

Serves 14428, 14514, 14546, 14559, 14606, 14608, 14611, 14614, 14619, parts of 14623 (west of Genesee River), 14624

Call the above number between November 5 – 19, November 12 – 16, and November 19 – 23  

10:00 AM – 2:00 PM, Monday – Friday

Cost: none

Togetherness in Love (224-2840)

Christmas food baskets and toys

1443 East Main Street

Serves all of Monroe County

To sign up come to the above address between November 1 and December 14, 9:30 – 11:30 AM and 1:00 – 2:30 PM. Food baskets and toys distributed on December 17, beginning at 5:30 PM

Cost: none

Dimitri House (325-1796)

Christmas food baskets and gifts (for children under 18)

102 North Union Street

Serves 14604, 14605, 14607 and 14609

Call the above number beginning November 1, 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Monday – Thursday

Baskets are given on a first come first served basis to qualified applicants

Cost: none

 

 

Thursday, November 8, syllogisms: true and false

In class: test on definitions of logos, ethos and pathos and applying this criteria to Sinners.
Mr. Mergler is also going to speak to you about a SAT review class.
Homework: for Tueday, November 13: vocabulary 4....turn it in at the beginning of class.
Homework: for Wednesday, November 14: read Patrick Henry's Speech to the Virginia Covention and and answer the accompanying questions. Copy below / handout in class.

HOMEWORK:  for Thursday, November 15: Franklin's Gout vocabulary test

SYLLOGISM

In logic, a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a

major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion, a

kind of logical argument in which one proposition

(the conclusion) is inferred from two or more others

(the premises) of a specific

form.Adjective: syllogistic.

Here is an example of a valid categorical syllogism:

Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
Minor premise: All black dogs are mammals.
Conclusion: Therefore, all black dogs are warm-blooded.

FALSE SYLLOGISMS
Now, perhaps, which is equally important are false syllogisms: BEWARE.

This trick consists in stating a false syllogism. Your opponent makes a proposition, and by false inference and distortion of his ideas you force from it other propositions which it does not contain and he does not in the least mean; nay, which are absurd or dangerous. It then looks as if his proposition gave rise to others which are inconsistent either with themselves or with some acknowledged truth, and so it appears to be indirectly refuted.

examples:

Killer dogs have long teeth. You say your dog has long teeth, so it must be a killer.

You said you cannot afford a car, but you can afford a house.

We hear the person was with you when the crime was committed. So where were you when the crime was committed?

While false syllogisms can be dangerous, they are also used in comedy.  So let's laugh at what the commedian Jerry Seinfeld did in his show for eight years.

“So, what you are saying is that ninety to ninety-five percent of the population is undateable?”
“Undateable!”
“Then how are all these people getting together?”
“Alcohol.”
- Elaine and Jerry, in “The Wink”

“What is it about sex that just disrupts everything? Is it the touching? Is it the nudity?”
“It can’t be the nudity. I never got into these terrible fights and misunderstandings when I was changing before gym class.”
- George and Jerry, in “The Deal”

“I wanted to talk to you about Dr. Whatley. I have a suspicion that he’s converted to Judaism purely for the jokes.”
“And this offends you as a Jewish person?”
“No, it offends me as a comedian.”
- Jerry and Father Curtis, in “The Yada Yada”

“You are still afraid? You are not a man.”
“Well, then what are all those ties and sports jackets doing in my closet?”
- Gina and Jerry, in “The Suicide”

“I still can’t believe you’re going out on a blind date.”
“I’m not worried. It sounds like he’s really good looking.”
“You’re going by sound? What are we, whales?”
- Jerry and Elaine, in “The Wink”

“Wait. Those are the clothes from the bag!”
“The guy never came back.”
“He asked you to watch them, not wear them.”
“I’m still watching them.”
- Jerry and George, in “The Muffin Tops”

Patrick Henry -- Speech to the Virginia Convention

March, 1775

No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. But different men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I do opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely and without reserve.

This is no time for ceremony. The question before the House is one of awful moment to this country. For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offense, I should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings.

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.

I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received?

Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land.

Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years.

Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves.

Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne!

In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free -- if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending -- if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged,and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained -- we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of hosts is all that is left us! They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction?

Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.

Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston!

The war is inevitable -- and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come.

It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace -- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God!

I know not what course others may take but as for me: give me liberty or give me death!

Accompanying work for Patrick Henry’s Speech in the Virginia Convention

Please write out your responses on a separate sheet of paper.  DUE  Wednesday, November 14

Please respond on a separate sheet of paper: typed or not. Your responses must be in complete sentences. This is counting as a writing assignment. All responses should be complete, well-written and employ textual evidence. That means you quote and use quotation marks!

Recalling:  (USE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE FOR YOUR RESPONSES)

1. What comment does Henry make about the delegates who have just addressed the House?

2. What does Henry say he would be guilty of if he holds back his opinion?

3. How does Henry say that he judges the future?

4. (a) What does Henry say is the reason for the British military build-up in America? (b) What course of action must the colonials take?

5. What does Henry say “the next gale that sweeps from the north” will bring?

6. To what does Henry compare the colonists’ situation?

Interpreting:

7. Why do you think Henry begins his speech by stating the opinions of the previous speakers?
8. Why does Henry believe that compromise with the British is not a workable solution?
9. How does Henry answer the objection that the colonists are not ready to fight?

  Recognizing Oratory:

    Oratory is the art of formal public speaking. A skilled orator uses such devices as rhetorical questions, restatement, repetition and parallelism to emphasize points.  For example, Henry uses restatement in his speech, repeating his declaration, “We must fight!”An effective orator may use a number of persuasive techniques to try to convince an audience to think or act in a certain way.  For example, Patrick Henry uses a blend of logical arguments and emotional appeals in his speech.

10. Considering the purpose of Henry’s speech, why do you feel these two techniques were appropriate. This is an extended response!
11. Why do you think Henry chose to end his speech with an emotional appeal?

Wednesday, November 7...logos, ethos, pathos and sin

Due today: Homework that was assigned for Tuesday / November 6: Ann Bradstreet poem and accompanying questions. Class handout / copy on Friday's blog.  Please answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Homework for Wednesday / November 7: learn the Rhetorical Triangle and the meaning of logos, ethos and pathos.
handout / copy was on Friday's blog. Expect a test tomorrow on this material, as it is fundamental for both the classwork and your writing. You should be able to define exactly what these mean and apply to excerpts from Sinners.

Homework for Thursday November 8: finish reading Sinners in the Angry Hand of God and answer the accompanying questions. copy on last Friday's blog..

Homework for Tuesday, November 13: vocabulary 4...due at the beginning of class.

In class. we are reading and analyzing Sinners.

Monday, November 5 Bonfire Night

Homework due today Monday November 5: oral traditions. class handout on Friday .  Please answer the questions in complete sentences on a separte sheet of paper.  You may, of course, send them ahead typed. (If you were in the play on Friday, I asked you to stop by, if you needed a handout; otherwise, it was on the blog. Any material I do not receive by the end of the day is a ZERO.) Homework for Tuesday / November 6: Ann Bradstreet poem and accompanying questions.  Class handout / copy below. Please answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.  This is a more involved assignment; so I suggest you do not wait. Yes, we do not have school, but there is work, nevertheless. I will collect it at the beginning of class on Wednesday. Homework for Wednesday / November 7: learn the Rhetorical Triangle and the meaning of   logos, ethos and pathos. handout / copy below. Expect a test tomorrow on this material,  as it is fundamental for both the classwork and your writing. Homework for Thursday November 8: finish reading Sinners in the Angry Hand of God  and answer the accompanying questions. Homework due Tuesday, November 13: vocabulary 4   class handout / copy below.   In class today: BONFIRE PLOT     REMEMBER, REMEMBER THE FIFTH OF NOVEMBER GUNPOWDER, TREASON AND PLOT I SEE NO REASON, WHY GUNPOWDER TREASON SHOULD EVER BE FORGOT.

After Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, English Catholics who had been persecuted under her rule had hoped that her successor, James I, would be more tolerant of their religion. James I had, after all, had a Catholic mother. Unfortunately, James did not turn out to be more tolerant than Elizabeth and a number of young men, 13 to be exact, decided that violent action was the answer.

A small group took shape, under the leadership of Robert Catesby. Catesby felt that violent action was warranted. Indeed, the thing to do was to blow up the Houses of Parliament. In doing so, they would kill the King, maybe even the Prince of Wales, and the Members of Parliament who were making life difficult for the Catholics. Today these conspirators would be known as extremists, or terrorists.

To carry out their plan, the conspirators got hold of 36 barrels of gunpowder - and stored them in a cellar, just under the House of Lords.

But as the group worked on the plot, it became clear that innocent people would be hurt or killed in the attack, including some people who even fought for more rights for Catholics. Some of the plotters started having second thoughts. One of the group members even sent an anonymous letter warning his friend, Lord Monteagle, to stay away from the Parliament on November 5th.  

The warning letter reached the King, and the King's forces made plans to stop the conspirators.

Guy Fawkes  who was in the cellar of the parliament with the 36 barrels of gunpowder when the authorities stormed it in the early hours of November 5th, was caught, tortured and executed.

It's unclear if the conspirators would ever have been able to pull off their plan to blow up the Parliament even if they had not been betrayed. Some have suggested that the gunpowder itself was so old as to be useless. Since Guy Fawkes and the other conspirators got caught before trying to ignite the powder, we'll never know for certain.

Even for the period which was notoriously unstable, the Gunpowder Plot struck a very profound chord for the people of England. In fact, even today, the reigning monarch only enters the Parliament once a year, on what is called "the State Opening of Parliament". Prior to the Opening, and according to custom, the Yeomen of the Guard search the cellars of the Palace of Westminster. Nowadays, the Queen and Parliament still observe this tradion.

On the very night that the Gunpowder Plot was foiled, on November 5th, 1605, bonfires were set alight to celebrate the safety of the King. Since then, November 5th has become known as Bonfire Night.  The event is commemorated every year with fireworks and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes on a bonfire.

Some of the English have been known to wonder, in a tongue in cheek kind of way, whether they are celebrating Fawkes' execution or honoring his attempt to do away with the government.

Vocabulary 4:  words and definitions

1.      atrophy (noun)  - the wasting away of a body organ or tissue, any progressive decline or failure; (verb) to waste  away; degenerate, deteriorate,  wither

2.         bastion (noun) – a fortified place; a stronghold, citadel, rampart, bulwark, parapet

3.         concord (noun)- a state of agreement, harmony; a treaty, pact or covenant;

4.         consummate (verb)- to bring to a state of completion; (adj) complete or perfect in the highest degree;     (verb) clinch, conclude,

5.         disarray (noun) –disorder, confusion; (verb)- to put into disorder; dishevel, mess up

6.         exigency (noun; often plural- exigencies)- urgency, pressure, pressing need, emergencies; requirement, crisis;

7.         flotsam (noun) –floating debris, homeless, impoverished people; floating wreckage

8.         frenetic (adj) –frenzied, highly agitated; frantic, overwrought

9.         glean ( verb) – to gather bit by bit; to gather in small quantities; collect, cull, pick-up

10.       grouse (verb) –to complain; (noun) – a type of game bird; (verb) gripe, kvetch, belly-ache

11.       incarcerate (verb) – to imprison, confine, jail; intern, immure

12.       incumbent  (noun) – one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of; (adj) obligatory, required;  mandatory,  necessary.

13.       jocular (adj) – humorous, jesting, jolly, joking; waggish, facetious, droll, witty

14.       ludicrous (adj)- ridiculous, laughable, absurd; risible, preposterous

15.       mordant (adj) – biting and caustic in manner or style; sharply or bitterly harsh; acrimonious, acidulous,  sardonic, scathing.

16.       nettle (verb) – to arouse displeasure, impatience or anger; to vex; (noun) –a prickly, stinging plant

17.       pecuniary (adj) –consisting of or measured in money; monetary, financial

18.       pusillanimous (adj) – contemptibly cowardly or mean spirited; craven, lily-livered

19.       recumbent (adj) – in a reclining position, lying down; in a posture of sleeping or resting, prone,   prostrate, supine,  inactive.

20.       stratagem (noun) –a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent; ruse, trick, ploy, subterfuge

Vocabulary 4,  exercise 1 Use the correct form!

1.            They will ______________________________ the felon at the state penitentiary.

2.            When the court order was issued, the department made a _____________________________ search for the missing report.

3.            It is often said that bullies, when tested, are the most ______________________________ people of       all.

4.            The patient’s leg muscles have ______________________ , and he can no longer walk.

5.            The governor emphasized the __________________________ of the situation by requesting the immediate dispatch of rescue teams.

6.            The tired toddlers were __________________________ on the couch after playing all afternoon in the yard.

7.            Those who stand around and _______________________ about their low salaries are not likely to get raises.

8.            The two lawyers could not ______________________ the settlement until the two parties met face to face.

9.            The burgled apartment was in a state of _______________________________.

10.          After receiving the news that she was ahead in the poles, the candidate was in a delightfully                      

               __________________________ mood.

11.          The principle was __________________________ by the student’s disrespectful behavior.

12.          After the two ships collided, the passengers clung to various pieces of _______________________ and hoped to be rescued.

13.          The defense attorney used a clever _____________________________ to curry sympathy for her client.

14.          Contrary to popular belief, the military is not always a ______________________ of conservative belief.

15.          The couple was forced by _________________________ considerations to sell their large home and buy a   smaller one.

16.          By means of painstaking investigation, the detectives were able to ____________________ the truth.

17.          A spirit of ________________________ was restored when the company compensated its employees.

18.          The actor was upset by the _______________________ criticism of the gossip columnist who seemed out to ruin his reputation.

19.          Her comment was so _______________________ that we finally understood that she was joking.

20.          Voting on Election Day is a duty _____________________ on all Americans who value a democratic government.

 

Vocabulary 4, exercise 2

1.         I get all my ideas by lying down; the _______________________ position seems to stimulate my brain.

2.         It was pleasant to see the usually restrained and quiet Mr. Baxter in such a _________________ and expansive mood.

3.         The _______________________ that we observed here and there in the harbor bore mute testimony to the destructive power of the storm.

4.         Since I had only one year of high school French, my attempts to speak the language on my trip to Paris were ______________________________.

5.         The high ground east of the river formed a natural __________________, which we decided to defend with all our resources.

6.         I regret that that Nancy was _______________________ by unfavorable review of her short story, but I had to express my opinion honestly.

7.         Almost every case of muscle or tissue _________________________ is the result of disease, prolonged disuse or changes in cell nutrition.

8.         The ____________________________ of my present financial situation demand that I curtail all unnecessary spending for a month.

9.         It is _________________________ on all of us to do whatever we can to help our community with this crisis.

10.       Even critics of our penal system admit that so long as hardened criminals are ____________________ they cannot commit crimes.

11.       Despite all their highfalutin malarkey about helping the poor, I suspect their interest in the project purely _________________________________.

12.       The purpose of our________________________ was to draw in the safety so that Tom could get behind him to receive the long pass.

13.       The defeated army fled in such ______________________ that before long it had become little more than a uniformed mob.

14.       As soon as he struck the opening chords of the selection, we realized that we were listening to a _________________________ master of the piano.

15.       Though next to nothing is known about Homer, historians have been able to ____________________ a few odd facts about him from studying his works.

16.       Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens is a disillusioned misanthrope who spends his time throwing ___________________ barbs at the rest of mankind.

17.       Peace is not just an absence of war, but a positive state of _____________________ among the nations of the world.

18.       I have yet to meet an adult who did not _________________________ about the taxes he or she had to pay.

19.       Most people regarded the government’s attempt to avert a war by buying off the aggressor as not only shameful but ______________________________________.

 

20.       People who are used to the unhurried atmosphere of the country town often find it hard to cope with the _____________________________ pace of big city life.

 Vocabulary 4, exercise  3

Synonyms

1. floating wreckage in the harbor                                                         ___________________________

2. gripes about every change in routine                                                ___________________________

3. received financial compensation                                                      ____________________________

4. the ill-conceived ruse                                                                      _____________________________

5. collected tidbits of information                                                      _____________________________

6. a longtime bulwark of resistance                                                    _____________________________

7. prostrate on a hospital bed                                                              ____________________________

8. craven behavior                                                                               _____________________________

9. enthusiasm that withered                                                                _____________________________

10. left the room in a state of disorganization                                    ___________________________

11. a handshake that clinched the deal                                               ____________________________

12. immured for years in a dark dungeon                                         ____________________________

13. irks her coworkers with senseless chatter                                   ____________________________

14. the obligatory responsibilities of the

 new administrator.                                                                       _____________________________

15. the requirements of a wartime economy                                    ____________________________

 

Antonyms

16. maintained a leisurely pace                                                          ______________________________

17. disagreement among the family members                                   ____________________________

18. the poignant story                                                                        _______________________________

19. a gentle reproof                                                                           _______________________________

20. a humorless manner                                                                    _______________________________

Vocabulary 4, exercise 4

1.We were fascinated by the (mordant, frenetic) scene from the floor of the stock exchange as brokers struggled to keep up with the sudden price changes.

2.Before the ceremony began, we all bowed our heads and prayed for unity, peace and (concord, atrophy) among all nations.

3.It has been said that the only way to handle a (nettle, stratagem), or any difficult problem, without being stung is to grasp it firmly and decisively.

4.There are few things in life as (frenetic, ludicrous) as an unqualified person trying to assume the trappings of authority.

5.In the shelter, I saw for the first time people who had been beaten and discouraged by life—the so called (flotsam, incumbents) of the great city.

6.Do you really think that those (jocular, recumbent) remarks are appropriate on such a solemn occasion?

7.The affairs of our city are in such (disarray, flotsam) that the state may have to intervene to restore some semblance of order.

8.I have always regarded out schools and colleges as citadels of learning and (bastions, stratagems) against ignorance and superstition.

9.The huge influx of wealth that resulted from foreign conquests led in part to the physical and moral (atrophy, flotsam) of the Roman ruling class.

10.A born leader is someone who can rise to the (incumbents, exigencies) of any crisis that he or she may be confronted with.

11.Comfortably, (recumbent, frenetic) in the shade of the elm tree, I watched the members of the football go through a long, hard workout.

12.In Victorian times, fashionable ladies (disarrayed, incarcerated) their waists in tight corsets to achieve a chic “hour glass” figure.

13.I noticed with approval that his (pecuniary, mordant) remarks were intended to deflate the pompous and unmask the hypocritical.

14.All that I needed to (consummate, nettle) the most important deal of my career was her signature on the dotted line.

15.During the 19th century, it was fashionable to spend a few weeks in the fall hunting (grouse, nettles), pheasants, and other game birds.

16.Of the ten congressional seats in our state, only one was won by a new member; all the other winners were (incumbents, bastions).

17.To feel fear in difficult situations is natural, but to allow one’s conduct to be governed by fear is (jocular, pusillanimous).

18.We were able to (consummate, glean) only a few shreds of useful information from his long, pretentious speech.

19.What we need to cope with this crisis is not cute (grouping, stratagems), but a bold, realistic plan, and the courage to carry it out.

20.The only way we’ll be able to increase productivity is to offer our employees a few solid (frenetic, pecuniary) incentives to work harder.