Homework for Monday, March 4 vocabulary 9 class handout / copy below
(get started tonight!)
Discussion question: what similarities do you see among the working class, immigrant girls of Maggie, Girl of the Streets, the seamtressess who died in the Triangle Shirt Waist fire, the girls who are portrayed in Riis' chapter "Working Girls" and the protagonist Mrs. Mallard from "The Story of an Hour?"
In class: analysis of Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour
see below. If you are absent, you are responsible for the following material.
The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin
Before you begin, read over carefully the difference between infer and imply!
INFER vs. IMPLY
The best way to remember the difference between these two words is to think in terms of the model used by communications theorists. Communication consists of a message, a sender, and a receiver. The sender can imply, but the receiver can only infer. The error that usually occurs is that the word infer is mistakenly used for imply.
IMPLY = to put the suggestion into the message (sender implies)
INFER = to take the suggestion out of the message (receiver infers)
IMPLICATION = what the sender has implied
INFERENCE = what the receiver has inferred
You will find below excerpts from the short story. For each of the underlined sections, write a sentence that explains what is being inferred or implied in terms of the character or plot. Note that there might be both a literal and metaphorical inference and / or implication. It is important to be aware of every word. Use these terms specifically.
1. Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.
2. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.
3. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.
4. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.
5. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms.
6. There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair.
7. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.
8. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.
9. There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.
10. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.
11. She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.
12. She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.
13. There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself.
14. Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhold, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-- you will make yourself ill.
15. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one.
Vocabulary 9
1. acclamation (noun) – a shout of welcome; an overwhelming verbal vote of approval; ovation, cheering plaudits
2. bucolic (adj) – characteristic of the countryside, rural, relating to shepherds and
cowherds, pastoral; rustic
3. calumniate (verb)- to slander; to accuse falsely and maliciously; defame, libel
4. chary (adj) – extremely cautious, hesitant or slow; reserved, diffident; wary, skittish
5. collusion (noun) – secret agreement or cooperation; conspiracy, plot, connivance, cahoots
6. dilettante (noun) – a dabbler in the arts; one who engages in an activity in an amateurish
trifling way; superficial; amateur, trifle
7. imperturbable (adj)- not easily excited; emotionally steady; unflappable, unexcitable, serene, unruffled
8. increment (noun) – an enlargement, increase, addition; accretion, gain
9. mandate (noun)- an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; directive
(verb) – to issue such an order
10. paltry (adj) – trifling, insignificant; mean; despicable; inferior, trashy; measly, meager, piddling, trivial
11. paroxysm (noun) – a sudden outburst; a spasm, a convulsion; fit, seizure
12. pedantry (noun) – a pretentious display of knowledge; overly rigid attention to rules and details; nit-picking, hairsplitting, pettifoggery
13. peregrination (noun) – the act of traveling; an excursion, especially on foot or to a
foreign country; journey, wandering, odyssey
14. redolent (adj) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura;
evocative, reminiscent, aromatic
15. refulgent (adj) – shining, radiant, resplendent; luminous, splendid
16. unremitting (adj) – not stopping, maintained steadily, never letting up, relentless,
constant, incessant
17. tyro (noun) – beginner, novice, one with little or no background or skill, neophyte
18. shibboleth (noun)- a word, expression or custom that distinguishes a particular group of persons from all others; a commonplace saying or truism
19. vacillate (verb)- to swing indecisively from one idea or course of action to another;
to waver weakly in mind or will
20. vituperate (adj)- harshly abusive, severely scolding, abusive, scurrilous, insulting
Vocabulary 9, exercise 1 Use the correct form.
1. It is very rare for a presidential candidate to be nominated by _________________________
from the convention floor.
2. Since so many funds had been spent with so few results, they were
_________________________ about appropriating more money.
3. After returning from my ________________________________ throughout South America ,
I began writing a book about my experiences.
4. The billionaire was so greedy that he contributed only a _______________________ sum
of money to charity each year.
5. My grandmother’s kitchen was always _____________________________ with the smells of baking.
6. Someone who __________________________________ in a crisis should not be in a
position of leadership.
7. Many people dismissed the poster artists of the 1960’s as mere _____________________________ with nothing serious to say about life or art.
8. The fussy music professor was distinguished more for her __________________________
that her true scholarship.
9. You cannot expect a mere ________________________ to perform like a veteran in his
first season of major league play.
10. By the time Election Day finally rolls around, most voters are tired of hearing the same old slogans and ________________________________________.
11. The Elizabethans who wrote of shepherds in ideal country settings were imitating the Greek __________________________ poets.
12. The children greeted the clown with a ________________________ of laughter when he
began making his funny faces.
13. The peacekeepers were sent into the war-torn country under a UN _____________________________ to protect minority populations.
14. The social laws in Edith Wharton’s novels are _______________________; they are
interminable.
15. The swift-flowing stream beside our house was _______________________ in the morning
light.
16. The _____________________________ speech in which she blamed others for her own mistakes may have cost her the election.
17. Employees were added to the work force in ____________________________ of five to save
money on training costs.
18. The witness remained _______________________________ throughout the grueling cross-examination.
19. Years later, it was discovered that senior members of the company had been in _______________________ with the enemy.
20. Not only did the artist’s enemy seek to discredit her while she was alive but tried to ________________________ her memory as well.
Vocabulary 9, exercise 2
2. However long and hard the struggle, we must be ____________________________ in our efforts
to wipe out racism in this country.
3. She may have great musical talents, but she will get nowhere so long as she has the casual
attitude of the _____________________________________.
4. The painting shows a restfully _____________________________ scene, with some cows grazing placidly in a meadow as their shepherd dozes under a bush.
5. I had expected a decent tip from the party of six that I waited on early that evening, but all I got was a(n) _______________________________ two bucks.
6. The scene may seem ordinary to you, but I find it _________________________ with memories
of happy summers spent in these woods.
7. Since Lincoln
_______________________________ when he was President.
8. The contractor was suspected of having acted in __________________________ with a state
official to fix the bids on certain public works contracts.
9. “The overwhelming victory I have won at the polls,” the governor-elect said, “has given me a clear
__________________________________ to carry out my program.”
10. As a(n) _____________________________ summer sun sank slowly in the west, the skies
were ablaze with color.
11. In a series of searing orations, filled with the most _____________________________ language,
12. Every time I sign a new lease on my apartment, my rent goes up, though the
__________________________ are not usually large.
13. I thought I was unexcitable, but she is as _______________________________as the granite
icons in front of the public library.
14. Even the merest _______________________ in the use of firearms knows that a gun should never be
pointed at another person.
15. Since Lucy had expected no more than polite applause, she was delighted by the ________________________________ she received from the audience.
16. The Pledge of Allegiance is no mere _________________________ to be recited mechanically
and without understanding like some advertising jingle.
17. In my various _______________________________ through that vast metropolis, I ran across
many curious old buildings that the ordinary tourist never sees.
18.I have learned from long experience to be extremely _____________________________ about
offerin advice when it has not been requested.
19. Seized by a(n) _______________________________ of rage, he began to beat the bars of his
cell with his bare hands.
20.It is sheer _____________________________ to insist upon applying the rules of formal literary
composition to everyday speech and writing.
Vocabulary 9, exercise 3
Synonyms
1. evocative of old memories _______________________________
2. in cahoots with the competition
____
3. kept up the constant pressure to surrender _______________________________
4. greeted with an overwhelming ovation _______________________________
5. bored us with his hairsplitting _______________________________
6. overcome by a fit of anger _______________________________
7. reluctantly ended her journeys ______________________________
8. seesawed in their commitments ______________________________
9. keeps repeating the tired old catchphrases ______________________________
10. slandered his rivals at every opportunity _______________________________
11. labeled a mere trifler by the experts _______________________________
12. an urgent directive from the President _______________________________
13. a scurrilous response to the question ________________________________
14. wary of flattery and favor-seekers ________________________________
15. painted a charming rustic scene _______________________________
Antonyms
16. is excitable when challenged __________________________________
17. a colossal amount of unpaid debts _________________________________
18. reported a steady loss in annual sales _________________________________
19. looked up at the murky dawn sky __________________________________
20. an expert in the art of fencing ______________________
Vocabulary 9, exercise 4
1. Not satisfied with the slow (increment / peregrination) of his savings in a bank account,
he turned to speculation in the stock market.
2. Are we to try to make a realistic analysis of our alternatives or let ourselves be distracted
by slogans and (tyros / shibboleths)?
3. Perhaps he would be less lyrical about the delights of the (bucolic / redolent) life if,
like me, he had grown up on a farm in Kansas
4. It has long been known that some twisted and unhappy people derive a kind of
satisfaction from (calumniating / colluding) others.
5. Once the senator’s nomination became a certainty, all opposition to him evaporated, and
he was named by (vituperation / acclamation).
6. During the course of my (peregrinations / paroxysms) through the world of books, I have
picked up all kinds of useful information.
7. The phrase “We the people” in the Constitution indicates that the ultimate
(mandate / vacillation) of our government comes from the popular will.
8. Since she comes from a rural area, she expresses herself in language that is
(redolent / paltry) of the farm and of country life in general.
9. It is easy to criticize him, but how can we overlook the fact that for 20 years he has worked (unremittingly / charily) to help the homeless.
10. Although he has been in this business for 20 years, he still has the sublime innocence of the most helpless (tyro / shibboleth).
11. A (paroxysm / pedantry) of indignation flashed through the community, and the streets filled with angry people ready to protest the proposal.
12. Clad in the (refulgent / dilettante) armor of moral rectitude, he sallied forth to do battle with the forces of evil.
13. How do you have the nerve to offer such a(n) (paltry / unremitting) sum for this magnificent “antique” car?
14. Isn’t it sheer (pedantry / refulgence) on his part to use terms like Proustian and Kafkaesque,
when he knows they mean nothing to his audience?
15. The same difficulties that serve as a challenge to the true professional will be a crushing discouragement to the typical (mandate / dilettante).
16. If we (vacillate / increment) now at adopting a tough energy policy, we may find ourselves
in a desperate situation in the future.
17. I’m not sure if Tom’s (imperturbable / collusive) spirit is due to toughness or to an inability
to understand the dangers of the situation.
18. I am perfectly willing to listen to a reasonable complaint, but I will not put up with that
kind of (bucolic / vituperative) backbiting.
19. The gambler’s predictions of the game scores were so incredible accurate that we suspected some form of (acclimation / collusion).
20. Because my teacher is usually so (chary / imperturbable) of giving compliments,
I felt especially good when she spoke well of my essay.
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